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1170s

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The 1170s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1170, and ended on December 31, 1179.

Events

1170

This section is transcluded from 1170. (edit | history)

By place

[edit]
Levant
[edit]
  • Winter – Egyptian forces, led by Saladin, invade Palestine, and besiege Darum on the Mediterranean coast. Its defenses are weak, and though Saladin has no siege engines with him, the fall seems imminent. King Amalric I withdraws his Templar garrison from Gaza, to assist him in defending Darum. Saladin raises the siege and marches on Gaza, where he captures the lower town (despite the stiff resistance ordered by Lord Miles of Plancy), and massacres the inhabitants. However, the citadel is too strong for Saladin, and he is forced to retreat to Egypt.[1]
  • Saladin sends an Egyptian squadron up the Gulf of Aqaba, which captures the Crusader outpost of Aila, at the head of the Gulf.[2]
England
[edit]
Ireland
[edit]
Africa
[edit]
Asia
[edit]

By topic

[edit]
Folklore
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Religion
[edit]

1171

This section is transcluded from 1171. (edit | history)

By place

[edit]
Byzantine Empire
[edit]
  • March 12 – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) orders the arrest of all Venetians in his empire, and seizes their ships and goods.
  • September – Doge Vitale II Michiel leads a Venetian fleet (120 ships) against the Byzantines, conquering the cities of Trogir and Dubrovnik. But the plague takes a heavy toll among the fleet's crewmen; half the ships have to be burned to keep them from falling into enemy hands. A plague also breaks out in Venice, when the remaining ships return.
Europe
[edit]
Britain
[edit]
  • July – King Henry II decides to lead a military expedition to Ireland and summons Richard de Clare (Strongbow) to join forces. In September, Richard travels to England and promises his loyalty to Henry. He is granted Leinster as a fiefdom and is honored with the post of "royal constable in Ireland". The army is assembled at Pembroke – several siege towers are shipped over, should Henry need to assault the Norman-held towns (or others such as Cork and Limerick).[10]
  • October 17 – Henry II invades Ireland and lands with a large army of at least 500 mounted knights, and 4,000 men and archers at Waterford. Henry commandeers merchant ships as part of his invasion.[11] He claims the ports of Dublin, Waterford, and Wexford, and promises the Irish chieftains protection if they will acknowledge him as their overlord. Henry is recognized as "Lord of Ireland", traders are invited to Dublin where an English colony is set up.[11]
  • Ascall mac Ragnaill (or Torcaill), last Norse–Gaelic king of Dublin, is captured while trying to retake Dublin from the English forces under Richard de Clare, perhaps in company with Sweyn Asleifsson, and is beheaded. Before the end of the year, Richard relinquishes possession of the city to Henry II, who converts it into an English royal town.
Levant
[edit]
Egypt
[edit]
Asia
[edit]
  • Yesugei (Baghatur), Mongol chieftain, arranges a marriage between his 9-year-old son Temujin (Genghis Khan) and the daughter of the chief of a nearby clan, Börte. He is poisoned by the Tatars while sharing a meal during the wedding.[13]

1172

This section is transcluded from 1172. (edit | history)

By place

[edit]
Europe
[edit]
Britain
[edit]
Egypt
[edit]

By topic

[edit]
Religion
[edit]

1173

This section is transcluded from 1173. (edit | history)

By place

[edit]
Europe
[edit]
England
[edit]
Egypt
[edit]
China
[edit]
  • The Qiandao era ends and the Chunxi era begins during the reign of Emperor Xiao Zong of the Song dynasty.

South India

By topic

[edit]
Art and Leisure
[edit]
Agriculture
[edit]
Religion
[edit]

1174

This section is transcluded from 1174. (edit | history)

By place

[edit]
Britain
[edit]
Europe
[edit]
Levant
[edit]
Egypt
[edit]
Asia
[edit]

By topic

[edit]
Religion
[edit]

1175

This section is transcluded from 1175. (edit | history)

By place

[edit]
Britain
[edit]
Europe
[edit]
Levant
[edit]
  • May 22 – A group of Isma'ili Assassins gains access into Saladin's camp and attempts to kill him during the siege of Aleppo. But his bodyguard saves his life, the others are slain while trying to escape.[39]
Asia
[edit]

By topic

[edit]
Religion
[edit]

1176

This section is transcluded from 1176. (edit | history)

By place

[edit]
Byzantine Empire
[edit]
  • Summer – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) assembles a Byzantine expeditionary force, and marches towards Iconium, the Seljuk capital. Meanwhile, hordes of Seljuk Turks destroy crops and poison water supplies, to make Manuel's march more difficult, and harass the Byzantine army, in order to force it into the Meander Valley. Kilij Arslan II, ruler of the Sultanate of Rum, hears of the expedition, and sends envoys to ask for peace.[42]
  • September 17 – Battle of Myriokephalon: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine forces led by Manuel I, who are ambushed when moving through a narrow mountain pass near Lake Beyşehir. The Byzantines are dispersed and surrounded. They suffer heavy casualties and their siege equipment is destroyed. Manuel flees in panic and is forced to sign a peace treaty with Kilij Arslan II.[43]
Europe
[edit]
Britain
[edit]
Egypt
[edit]
  • Al-Adil I, Ayyubid governor of Egypt, suppresses a revolt by the Christian Copts in the city of Qift, hanging nearly 3,000 of them on the trees near the city.
Levant
[edit]
Asia
[edit]

By topic

[edit]
Religion
[edit]

1177

This section is transcluded from 1177. (edit | history)

January–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1178

This section is transcluded from 1178. (edit | history)

By place

[edit]
Europe
[edit]

By topic

[edit]
Art and Science
[edit]
Religion
[edit]

1179

This section is transcluded from 1179. (edit | history)

By place

[edit]
Levant
[edit]
Europe
[edit]
England
[edit]
Africa
[edit]
  • September 17 – A large offensive, by the Almohad army led by Yusuf I in southern Portugal, aims at the reconquest of the Alentejo.[78] Further north, an Almohad fleet sails to attack Lisbon, but is repelled by the Portuguese, near the Cape Espichel.[78] The Portuguese fleet later manages to enter in the harbour of Ceuta, and destroy a number of Muslim ships. It is the beginning of a four-year naval conflict between the Almohads and Portuguese.
Asia
[edit]
  • Taira no Kiyomori, Japanese military leader, confines the former Emperor Go-Shirakawa to his quarters after discovering that he has tried to confiscate the estates of Kiyomori's deceased children.
Mesoamerica
[edit]

By topic

[edit]
Religion
[edit]
  • March – Third Council of the Lateran: The Council condemns Waldensians and Cathars as heretics. It further institutes a reformation of clerical life and regulates that in order to prevent future schisms, the pope must receive 2⁄3 of the cardinals' votes to be elected.
  • September 17 – Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess and polymath, dies at Rupertsberg. Having founded two monasteries, she has also written theological, botanical, and medicinal texts.
  • Westminster School is founded by Benedictine monks of Westminster Abbey (by papal command) in England.
  • A synod of thirty-three Armenian bishops in Hromkla discusses the conditions for union with the Byzantine Church and sends a profession of faith to emperor Manuel I Komnenos who dies before receiving it.[79]
  • The Drigung Kagyu school of Kagyu Buddhism is founded (approximate date).

Significant people

[edit]

Births

Transcluding articles: 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, and 1179

1170

1171

1172

1173

1174

1175

1176

1177

1178

1179

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 1170, 1171, 1172, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1176, 1177, 1178, and 1179

1170

1171

1172

1173

1174

1175

1176

1177

1178

1179

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 318. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
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