Sabine Pass

Sabine Pass is the natural outlet of Sabine Lake into the Gulf of Mexico.^[1] It borders Jefferson County, Texas, and Cameron Parish, Louisiana.^[1]

History

Civil War

Two major battles occurred here during the American Civil War, known as the First and Second Battles of Sabine Pass.^[2]^[3]

Spanish–American War

In May 1898, the 55th United States Congress authorized the establishment of two seacoast defense forts at Sabine Pass relative to the Texas Gulf Coast.^[4] The fortifications were a response as hostilities intensified in the Gulf of Mexico during the Cuban War of Independence often referred as the Spanish–American War. In 1983, Texas Historical Commission acknowledged the seacoast defense command posts establishing a Texas historical marker at the Sabine Pass Battleground State Historic Site.^[5]

World War II

In 1941, the United States authorized a coastal artillery emplacement and Harbor Entrance Control Post at the Sabine Pass natural waterway inlet as a response to Battle of the Atlantic better known as Operation Drumbeat orchestrated by Nazi Germany.^[6] The Sabine Pass military base exhibited checkpoint and guard end stations, coastal searchlights, coastal signal stations, and an observation tower. The coastal defence and fortification incorporated an artillery battery command post complementary as a Coast Guard lifeboat station initially chartered in 1870s as the United States Life-Saving Service.^[7]

The Sabine Pass coastal defense installation was deemed military surplus as the United States Department of War operations tapered by 1945.

The channel is also the only conceivable way that ships produced by shipyards in Orange and Beaumont could have reached the seas.

Hurricanes

A powerful storm made landfall at Sabine Pass on October 12, 1886.^[8] It was the tenth hurricane of the season, now referred to as The Texas-Louisiana Hurricane of 1886, that all but wiped out Sabine Pass and Johnson Bayou in Cameron Parish. The storm, now considered to have been a category 3 (Saffir–Simpson scale), resulted in at least 196 deaths. Occurrence of the storm was recorded in the controversial "Diary of Louise" on October 20, 1886.^[9]^{[dead link]}^{[needs context]}

Hurricane Rita made landfall on September 24, 2005, and on September 12–13, 2008, Hurricane Ike struck Sabine Pass and Galveston,^[10] generating the highest surge^[11] of 22 feet (6.7 meters) which is, according to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88),^[12] the highest ever recorded at Sabine Pass.^[13]

Current

Sabine Pass is a site for an LNG terminal because it is located along one of a few deepwater ports along the Gulf Coast suitable for LNG. The region also has an existing pipeline infrastructure with access to South East Texas and U.S. markets. The terminal can import LNG,^[14] as well as export up to 30 million tonnes of LNG per year.^[15]

The former city of Sabine Pass, Texas, is now a neighborhood of Port Arthur.

References

^ ^a ^b U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (1908). United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Part VIII. Gulf of Mexico, from Key West to the Rio Grande. US Government Printing Office. Retrieved 2008-09-16.
^ "Federal Fatalities at the Battle of Sabine Pass ~ Jefferson County - Marker Number: 10558". Texas Historic Sites Atlas. Texas Historical Commission. 1980.
^ "United States Forces at the Battle of Sabine Pass ~ Jefferson County - Marker Number: 10559". Texas Historic Sites Atlas. Texas Historical Commission. 1980.
^ "Defense Appropriations Act of 1898 ~ Public Res. 55-21" (PDF). 30 Stat. 737 ~ H.J.Res. XXI. USLaw.Link. April 11, 1898.
^ "Spanish-American War Fortifications ~ Jefferson County - Marker Number: 10568". Texas Historic Sites Atlas. Texas Historical Commission. 1983.
^ Deforest, Peter (July 25, 2012). "The Night World War II came to the Texas Coast". Victoria, Texas: The Victoria Advocate.
^ "World War II Coastal Defenses at Sabine Pass ~ Jefferson County - Marker Number: 13116". Texas Historic Sites Atlas. Texas Historical Commission. 2003.
^ "1886 Hurricane at Sabine Pass ~ Jefferson County - Marker Number: 12425". Texas Historic Sites Atlas. Texas Historical Commission. 2001.
^ Dairy of Louise: October 20, 1886- Retrieved 2018-11-28
^ NOAA; Hurricanes Rita and Ike- Accessed 2011-08-29
^ Storm surge NOAA hurricane guide: page 6 of 32; Accessed 2011-08-26
^ NAVD standards-Retrieved 2011-08-29
^ NOAA hurricane summary- Retrieved 2011-08-29
^ Golden Pass LNG- Accessed 2011-08-29
^ "Cheniere declares substantial completion of Train 6 at Sabine Pass". Offshore Energy. 7 February 2022.

External links

Media related to Sabine Pass (outlet of Sabine Lake) at Wikimedia Commons
"Sabine Pass Buildings" [United States Coast Guard Station at Sabine Pass]. University of North Texas Libraries ~ The Portal to Texas History. Port Arthur Public Library. 1935.
"Station Sabine Pass, Texas". United States Coast Guard ~ Station History File, Coast Guard Historian’s Office. United States Department of Homeland Security.
Anonymous. "Ocean Shipping". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
Wooster, Robert. "Sabine-Neches Waterway and Sabine Pass Ship Channel". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.

29°43′35″N 93°51′48″W / 29.72639°N 93.86333°W / 29.72639; -93.86333

[USCGS-1] U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (1908). United States Coast Pilot: Atlantic Coast. Part VIII. Gulf of Mexico, from Key West to the Rio Grande. US Government Printing Office. Retrieved 2008-09-16.

[2] "Federal Fatalities at the Battle of Sabine Pass ~ Jefferson County - Marker Number: 10558". Texas Historic Sites Atlas. Texas Historical Commission. 1980.

[3] "United States Forces at the Battle of Sabine Pass ~ Jefferson County - Marker Number: 10559". Texas Historic Sites Atlas. Texas Historical Commission. 1980.

[4] "Defense Appropriations Act of 1898 ~ Public Res. 55-21" (PDF). 30 Stat. 737 ~ H.J.Res. XXI. USLaw.Link. April 11, 1898.

[5] "Spanish-American War Fortifications ~ Jefferson County - Marker Number: 10568". Texas Historic Sites Atlas. Texas Historical Commission. 1983.

[6] Deforest, Peter (July 25, 2012). "The Night World War II came to the Texas Coast". Victoria, Texas: The Victoria Advocate.

[7] "World War II Coastal Defenses at Sabine Pass ~ Jefferson County - Marker Number: 13116". Texas Historic Sites Atlas. Texas Historical Commission. 2003.

[8] "1886 Hurricane at Sabine Pass ~ Jefferson County - Marker Number: 12425". Texas Historic Sites Atlas. Texas Historical Commission. 2001.

[9] Dairy of Louise: October 20, 1886- Retrieved 2018-11-28

[10] NOAA; Hurricanes Rita and Ike- Accessed 2011-08-29

[11] Storm surge NOAA hurricane guide: page 6 of 32; Accessed 2011-08-26

[12] NAVD standards-Retrieved 2011-08-29

[13] NOAA hurricane summary- Retrieved 2011-08-29

[14] Golden Pass LNG- Accessed 2011-08-29

[15] "Cheniere declares substantial completion of Train 6 at Sabine Pass". Offshore Energy. 7 February 2022.

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v t e Waters of Texas
Bays and estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico	Alazan Bay Aransas Bay Baffin Bay Carancahua Bay Christmas Bay Copano Bay Corpus Christi Bay Dickinson Bay East Bay East Matagorda Bay Espiritu Santo Bay Galveston Bay Guadalupe Bay Laguna Madre Lavaca Bay Matagorda Bay Nueces Bay Oso Bay Redfish Bay Sabine Lake San Antonio Bay South Bay St. Charles Bay Tres Palacios Bay Trinity Bay West Bay
Channels and canals	Acequia Madre de Valero American Canal Aransas Pass Bolivar Roads Brazos Santiago Pass Cedar Bayou Franklin Canal Gulf Intracoastal Waterway Houston Ship Channel Matagorda Ship Channel Pass Cavallo Port Mansfield Channel Riverside Canal Sabine Pass Sabine–Neches Waterway San Luis Pass
Lakes and reservoirs	Amistad Reservoir Caddo Lake Canyon Lake Cedar Creek Reservoir Choke Canyon Reservoir Falcon International Reservoir Inks Lake Lady Bird Lake Lavon Lake Lake Austin Lake Bardwell Lake Buchanan Lake Conroe Lake Corpus Christi Lake Ray Hubbard Lake Ray Roberts Lake LBJ Lake Livingston Lake Marble Falls Lake Meredith Lake Tawakoni Lake Texoma Lake Travis Lewisville Lake Richland-Chambers Reservoir Sam Rayburn Reservoir Toledo Bend Reservoir
Rivers	Angelina River Blanco River Bosque River Brazos River Buffalo Bayou Colorado River Concho River Canadian River Guadalupe River James River Lampasas River Lavaca River Leon River Little River Llano River Navidad River Neches River Nolan River Nueces River Frio River Paluxy River Pease River Pedernales River Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River Red River Rio Grande Devils River Pecos River Sabine River San Antonio River Medina River San Bernard River San Gabriel River San Jacinto River San Marcos River San Saba River Sulphur River Trinity River Wichita River White River
Wetlands	Big Cypress Bayou Cow Bayou Ottine wetlands Rincon Bayou Rio Grande Valley

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