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Borussia Dortmund
Full nameBallspielverein Borussia 09 e. V. Dortmund
Nickname(s)Die Borussen (The Prussians)[1]
Die Schwarzgelben (The Black and Yellow)[2]
Der BVB (The BVB)[citation needed]
Short nameBVB
Founded19 December 1909; 114 years ago (1909-12-19)
GroundSignal Iduna Park
Capacity81,365[contradictory][3]
PresidentReinhold Lunow[4]
CEOLars Ricken
Head coachNuri Şahin
LeagueBundesliga
2023–24Bundesliga, 5th of 18
Websitebvb.de
Current season
Active teams of Borussia Dortmund
Football Football II
U17/U19 Football (Canada)
Handball
(women)

Ballspielverein Borussia 09 e. V. Dortmund, often known simply as Borussia Dortmund (German pronunciation: [boˈʁʊsi̯a ˈdɔɐ̯tmʊnt] ⓘ)[5] or by its initialism BVB (pronounced [beːfaʊ̯ˈbeː] ⓘ), or just Dortmund by International fans, is a German professional sports club based in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia. It is best known for its men's professional football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system.

Founded in 1909 by eighteen football players from Dortmund, they are nicknamed Die Schwarzgelben (The Black and Yellow), for the colours used in the club's crest.[6][7] They hold a long-standing rivalry with Ruhr neighbours Schalke 04, against whom they contest the Revierderby. They also contest Der Klassiker with Bayern Munich. Dortmund is the second largest sports club by membership in Germany, with about 218,000 members,[8] making Borussia Dortmund the fifth largest sports club by membership in the world. The club also has a women's handball team. Since 1974, Dortmund have played their home games at the Westfalenstadion; the stadium is the largest in Germany, and Dortmund has the highest average attendance of any association football club in the world. The Yellow Wall, a standing terrace in the South Stand, is the largest of its kind in Europe, with Dortmund consistently boasting the highest average attendance in world football.[9]

Dortmund is the second most decorated German football team, domestically, they have eight league championships, five DFB-Pokals, and six DFL-Supercups. Internationally, they won the UEFA Champions League in 1997, the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1966, and the Intercontinental Cup in 1997. In addition, they were runners-up in the Champions League in 2013 and 2024 and UEFA Europa League (formerly the UEFA Cup) in 1993 and 2002.

Under the directorship of Michael Zorc in the 2010s, Dortmund cultivated a reputation for spotting and developing young talent, and have remained focused on developing a youth system.[10] As of 2024, Dortmund had the second most revenue across football clubs in Germany, and the 12th most revenue across all football teams in the world, per Deloitte's Football Money League.[11]

History

Foundation and early years

Borussia Dortmund in 1913

The club was founded on 19 December 1909 by a group of young men unhappy with the Catholic church-sponsored Trinity Youth, where they played football under the stern and unsympathetic eye[tone] of the local parish priest. The priest, Father Dewald was blocked at the door when he tried to break up the organising meeting being held in a room of the local pub, Zum Wildschütz. The founders were Franz and Paul Braun, Henry Cleve, Hans Debest, Paul Dziendzielle, Franz, Julius and Wilhelm Jacobi, Hans Kahn, Gustav Müller, Franz Risse, Fritz Schulte, Hans Siebold, August Tönnesmann, Heinrich and Robert Unger, Fritz Weber and Franz Wendt. The name Borussia is Latin for Prussia but was taken from Borussia beer from the nearby Borussia brewery in Dortmund.[12] The team began playing in blue and white striped shirts with a red sash, and black shorts. In 1913, they donned the black and yellow stripes for the first time.[13]

Over the next decades the club had only modest success playing in local leagues. They came close to bankruptcy in 1929 when an attempt to boost the club's fortunes by signing some paid professional footballers failed miserably and left the team deep in debt. They survived only through the generosity of a local supporter who covered the team's shortfall out of his own pocket.

The 1930s saw the rise of the Third Reich, which restructured sports and football organisations throughout the nation to suit the regime's goals. Borussia's president was replaced when he refused to join the Nazi Party, and a couple of members who surreptitiously used the club's offices to produce anti-Nazi pamphlets were executed in the last days of the war. The club did have greater success in the newly established Gauliga Westfalen, but would have to wait until after the Second World War to make a breakthrough. It was during this time that Borussia developed its intense rivalry with Schalke 04 of suburban Gelsenkirchen, the most successful side of the era (see Revierderby). Like every other organisation in Germany, Borussia was dissolved by the Allied occupation authorities after the war in an attempt to distance the country's institutions from its recent Nazi past. There was a short-lived attempt to merge the club with two others – Werksportgemeinschaft Hoesch and Freier Sportverein 98 – as Sportgemeinschaft Borussia von 1898, but it was as Ballspiel-Verein Borussia (BVB) that they made their first appearance in the national league final in 1949, where they lost 2–3 to VfR Mannheim.[citation needed]

First national titles

Historical chart of Borussia Dortmund league performance

Between 1946 and 1963, Borussia featured in the Oberliga West, a first division league which dominated German football through the late 1950s. In 1949, Borussia reached the final in Stuttgart against VfR Mannheim, which they lost 2–3 after extra time. The club claimed its first national title in 1956 with a 4–2 win against Karlsruher SC. One year later, Borussia defeated Hamburger SV 4–1 to win their second national title. After this coup,[tone] the three Alfredos (Alfred Preißler, Alfred Kelbassa and Alfred Niepieklo) were legends[tone] in Dortmund. In 1963, Borussia won the last edition of the German Football Championship (before the introduction of the new Bundesliga) to secure their third national title.

Bundesliga debut

In 1962, the DFB met in Dortmund and voted to establish a professional football league in Germany, to begin play in August 1963 as the Bundesliga. Borussia Dortmund earned its place among the first sixteen clubs to play in the league by winning the last pre-Bundesliga national championship. Runners-up 1. FC Köln also earned an automatic berth. Dortmund's Friedhelm Konietzka scored the first-ever Bundesliga goal a minute into the match, which they would eventually lose 2–3 to Werder Bremen.

In 1965, Dortmund won its first DFB-Pokal. In 1966, Dortmund won the European Cup Winners' Cup 2–1 against Liverpool in extra time, with the goals coming from Sigfried Held and Reinhard Libuda. In the same year, however, the team surrendered a commanding position atop[tone] the Bundesliga by losing four of their last five league games and finishing second, three points behind champions 1860 München. Ironically,[according to whom?] much of 1860 München's success came on the strength of the play of Konietzka, recently transferred from Dortmund.

The 1970s were characterised by financial problems, relegation from the Bundesliga in 1972, and the opening of the Westfalenstadion, named after its home region Westphalia in 1974. The club returned to the Bundesliga in 1976.

Dortmund continued to have financial problems through the 1980s. BVB avoided being relegated in 1986 by winning a third decisive playoff game against Fortuna Köln after finishing the regular season in 16th place. Dortmund did not enjoy[tone] any significant success again until a 4–1 DFB-Pokal win in 1989 against Werder Bremen. It was Horst Köppel's first trophy as a manager.[citation needed] Dortmund then won the 1989 DFL-Supercup 4–3 against rivals Bayern Munich.

Golden age – the 1990s

After a tenth-place finish in the Bundesliga in 1991, manager Horst Köppel was sacked and manager Ottmar Hitzfeld was hired.

In 1992, Hitzfeld led Borussia Dortmund to a second-place finish in the Bundesliga, and would have won the title had VfB Stuttgart not won their last game to become champions instead.

Along with a fourth-place finish in the Bundesliga, Dortmund made it to the 1993 UEFA Cup final, which they lost 6–1 on aggregate to Juventus. In spite of this result, Borussia walked away with DM25 million under the prize money pool system in place at the time for German sides participating in the Cup. Cash flush,[tone] Dortmund was able to sign players who later brought them numerous honours in the 1990s.

Under the captaincy of 1996 European Footballer of the Year Matthias Sammer, Borussia Dortmund won back-to-back Bundesliga titles in 1995 and 1996. Dortmund also won the DFL-Supercup against Mönchengladbach in 1995 and 1. FC Kaiserslautern in 1996.

In 1996–97 the team reached its first European Cup final. In a memorable match at the Olympiastadion in Munich, Dortmund faced the holders Juventus. Karl-Heinz Riedle put Dortmund ahead, shooting under goalkeeper Angelo Peruzzi from a cross by Paul Lambert. Riedle then made it two with a bullet header from a corner kick. In the second half, Alessandro Del Piero pulled one back for Juventus with a back heel. Then 20-year-old substitute and Dortmund-born Lars Ricken latched onto a through pass by Andreas Möller. Only 16 seconds after coming on to the pitch, Ricken chipped Peruzzi in the Juventus goal from over 20 yards out with his first touch of the ball. With Zinedine Zidane unable to make an impression for Juventus against the close marking of Lambert,[14][15][16] Dortmund lifted the trophy with a 3–1 victory. Hitzfeld's successful managerial reign then ended, with Nevio Scala being appointed as his successor.

Dortmund then beat Brazilian club Cruzeiro 2–0 in the 1997 Intercontinental Cup final to become world club champions.[17] Borussia Dortmund were the second German club to win the Intercontinental Cup, after Bayern Munich in 1976.[18]

As defending champions, Dortmund reached the Champions League semi-final in 1998. The team was missing key players from the start of the season when they played Real Madrid in the 1998 semi-final.[vague] Sammer's career was shortened by injury and only played three first team games after the 1997 Champions League win. Lambert had left in November to return to play in Scotland. Möller missed the first leg as did Kohler who missed both games in the tie. Real won the first leg 2–0 at home. Dortmund played better in the second leg, but did not take their chances. The club exited 2–0 on aggregate.[19]

21st century and Borussia "goes public"

Borussia Dortmund in 2007

In October 2000, Borussia Dortmund became the first publicly traded club on the German stock market.[20]

In 2002, Borussia Dortmund won their third Bundesliga title. Dortmund had a remarkable run at the end of the season to overtake Bayer Leverkusen, securing the title on the final day. Manager Matthias Sammer became the first person in Borussia Dortmund history to win the Bundesliga as both a player and manager.[21] In the same season, Borussia lost the final of the 2001–02 UEFA Cup to the Dutch club Feyenoord.

Dortmund's fortunes then steadily declined for several years. Poor financial management led to a heavy debt load and the sale of their Westfalenstadion grounds. The situation was compounded by failure to advance in the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League, when the team was eliminated on penalties in the qualifying rounds by Club Brugge. In 2003, Bayern Munich loaned €2 million to Dortmund for several months to pay their payroll. Borussia was again driven to the brink of bankruptcy in 2005, the original €11 value of its shares having plummeted[tone] by over 80% on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.

At this time Hans-Joachim Watzke was appointed CEO and streamlined the club. The response to the crisis included a 20% pay cut for all players.[22] In 2006, in order to reduce debt, the Westfalenstadion was renamed "Signal Iduna Park" after a local insurance company. The naming rights agreement ran until 2021.

Dortmund suffered a miserable start to the 2005–06 season, but rallied to finish seventh. The club was unable gain a place in the UEFA Cup via the Fair Play draw. The club's management indicated that the club again showed a profit; this was largely related to the sale of David Odonkor to Real Betis and Tomáš Rosický to Arsenal.

In the 2006–07 season, Dortmund unexpectedly faced serious relegation trouble for the first time in years. Dortmund went through three coaches, and appointed Thomas Doll on 13 March 2007, after dropping to just one point above the relegation zone. Christoph Metzelder also left Borussia Dortmund on a free transfer.

In the 2007–08 season, Dortmund finished 13th in the Bundesliga table, but reached the DFB-Pokal final against Bayern Munich, where they lost 2–1 in extra time. The final appearance qualified Dortmund for the UEFA Cup, because Bayern had already qualified for the Champions League.[citation needed] Thomas Doll resigned on 19 May 2008 and was replaced by Jürgen Klopp.

Klopp era and return to prominence

Borussia Dortmund players celebrate winning the Bundesliga in 2011.

In the 2009–10 season, Klopp's Dortmund improved on the season before, finishing fifth in the Bundesliga to qualify for the UEFA Europa League. The team missed an opportunity to qualify for the Champions League when they did not beat eighth-place VfL Wolfsburg and 14th-place SC Freiburg in the final two matches of the campaign.

Entering the 2010–11 season, Dortmund fielded a young and vibrant roster. On 4 December 2010, Borussia became Herbstmeister ("Autumn Champion"), an unofficial accolade going to the league leader at the winter break. They did this three matches before the break, sharing the record for having achieved this earliest with Eintracht Frankfurt (1993–94) and 1. FC Kaiserslautern (1997–98).[23] On 30 April 2011, the club beat 1. FC Nürnberg 2–0 at home, while second-place Bayer Leverkusen lost, leaving Dortmund eight points clear with two games to play. This championship equalled the seven national titles held by rivals Schalke 04, and guaranteed a spot in the 2011–12 Champions League group stages.[24]

One year later, Dortmund successfully defended of its Bundesliga title with a win over Borussia Mönchengladbach, again on the 32nd match day. By the 34th and final match day, Dortmund had set a new record with the most points—81—gained by a club in one Bundesliga season.[25][26] This was surpassed the following season by Bayern Munich's 91 points.[27] The club's fifth Bundesliga title and eighth German championship overall placed it third in total national titles, allowing the club to wear two stars above its crest in recognition of the team's five Bundesliga titles. The club capped its successful 2011–12 season by winning the double for the first time, beating Bayern 5–2 in the final of the DFB-Pokal. Borussia Dortmund are one of four German clubs to win the Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal double, along with Bayern Munich, 1. FC Köln and Werder Bremen.[28] The club was voted Team of the Year 2011 at the annual Sportler des Jahres (German Sports Personality of the Year) awards.

Borussia Dortmund fans at Wembley Stadium during the 2013 Champions League final

Borussia Dortmund ended the 2012–13 season in second place in the Bundesliga. Dortmund played in their second UEFA Champions League final against Bayern Munich in the first ever all-German club final at Wembley Stadium on 25 May 2013, which they lost 2–1.[29]

In the 2013–14 season, Borussia Dortmund won the 2013 DFL-Supercup 4–2 against rivals Bayern Munich.[30] The 2013–14 season started with a five-game winning streak for Dortmund, their best start to a season. Despite a promising start, however, their season saw injuries to several key players, seeing them stoop as low as fourth place in the table, and with a depleted squad could go only as far as the quarter-finals of the Champions League, losing 3–2 on aggregate to Real Madrid. Nevertheless, Dortmund ended their season on a high note by finishing second in the Bundesliga and reaching the 2014 DFB-Pokal final, losing 0–2 to Bayern in extra time.[31] They then began their 2014–15 season by defeating Bayern in the 2014 DFL-Supercup 2–0. However, this victory did not affect the squad's solidity in performance at the start of the ensuing season, with Dortmund recording various[vague] results such as a 0–1 loss to Hamburger SV and two 2–2 draws against VfB Stuttgart and Bundesliga newcomers Paderborn 07.[32] During the winter, Dortmund fell to the bottom of the table on multiple occasions, but escaped the relegation zone after four consecutive wins in February.[33] On 15 April 2015, Jürgen Klopp announced that after seven years, he would be leaving Dortmund.[34] Four days later, Dortmund announced that Thomas Tuchel would replace Klopp at the end of the season.[35] Klopp's final season, however, ended on high note,[tone] rising and finishing seventh after facing relegation, gaining a DFB-Pokal final with VfL Wolfsburg and qualifying for the 2015–16 Europa League.

Post-Klopp era

In the 2015–16 season, Dortmund started off winning 4–0 against Borussia Mönchengladbach on the opening day, followed by five-straight wins which took them to the top of the Bundesliga. After the eighth matchday, they were surpassed by Bayern Munich following an unlucky draw with 1899 Hoffenheim.[36][37] Dortmund kept their performances up, winning 24 out of 34 league games and becoming the best Bundesliga runner-up team of all time.[38] In the Europa League, they advanced to the quarter-finals, getting knocked out by a Jürgen Klopp-led Liverpool in a dramatic comeback at Anfield, where defender Dejan Lovren scored a late goal to make it 4–3 to Liverpool and 5–4 on aggregate.[39] In the 2015–16 DFB-Pokal, for the third-straight year, Dortmund made it to the competition final, but lost to Bayern Munich on penalties.[40]

On 11 April 2017, three explosions occurred near the team's bus on its way to a Champions League match against AS Monaco at the Signal Iduna Park. Defender Marc Bartra was injured, and taken to hospital.[41][42] Dortmund lost the game 2–3 to AS Monaco. Dortmund manager Tuchel blamed the loss on the ignorant decision by UEFA. UEFA said that the team made no objection to playing, and that the decision was made in compliance with the club and local law enforcement.[43] In the second leg, Dortmund lost 1–3, leaving the aggregate score at 3–6, causing them to be eliminated from that year's UEFA Champions League. On 26 April, Dortmund defeated Bayern Munich 3–2 in Munich to advance to the 2017 DFB-Pokal final, Dortmund's fourth consecutive final and fifth in six seasons. On 27 May, Dortmund won the 2016–17 DFB-Pokal 2–1 over Eintracht Frankfurt with the winner coming from a penalty converted by Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang.[44]

Ahead of the 2017–18 season, Thomas Tuchel stepped down as manager. The Dortmund board made a decision to hire Peter Bosz as the new manager and head coach. Although Bosz got off to a record-breaking start in the team's first 7 games, what followed was 20 games without a win, after which he was relieved of his staff role.[vague][45] Peter Stöger was announced as the interim coach.[46] During the January window of the same season, Aubameyang and Bartra both left the club.[47][48] Stöger bought Manuel Akanji of FC Basel for a fee of €21.5 million and Michy Batshuayi on a six-month loan from Chelsea.[49][50] Stöger coached Dortmund for the rest of the season, granting them a fourth-place finish in the Bundesliga before stepping down at the end of the season.[51]

In the summer of 2018, Dortmund appointed former OGC Nice coach, Lucien Favre as their manager/head coach. After a very busy transfer window for the team, seeing eight new players arrive at the club for the first team squad, Dortmund performed strongly, chasing Bayern Munich for the title race down to the last matchday, narrowly missing out on the league title by two points and earning Lucien Favre a contract extension. A four-part Amazon Prime Video documentary series was created, about the same season, named Inside Borussia Dortmund.

The next season, Dortmund announced a few big-name signings with the intent of winning the Bundesliga title. Although they won the DFL Supercup, this was their only silverware of the season. After a scrappy first half of the season, they changed their tactics and made a few more transfers in the January Window. They were eliminated in both the DFB-Pokal and the UEFA Champions League as well. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, the season stopped abruptly. Once the season restarted, Dortmund looked better,[according to whom?] but their performances were not enough to stop a dominant Bayern Munich side from winning the Bundesliga title. They finished the 2019–20 season in second place after beating RB Leipzig in matchweek 33 due to a brace from Erling Haaland.

Dortmund got off to a rather shaky start in the 2020–21 season. They lost the DFL-Supercup and had an inconsistent set of results in the Champions League and the Bundesliga. After a 5–1 defeat to Stuttgart in Matchday 11, Lucien Favre was relieved of his managerial duties. Assistant manager Edin Terzić was placed as the caretaker for the rest of the season. Under Terzić, Dortmund finished third on the final matchday of the Bundesliga and was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the Champions League in a match against Manchester City. The team then won the DFB-Pokal, defeating RB Leipzig 4–1 in the final.

Marco Rose was appointed manager for the 2021–22 season, with Terzić being appointed as the club's new technical director.[52] Rose lead the club to a second-place finish in the league, but was sacked ahead of the 2022–23 season with Terzić being reappointed as manager.[53] Before the final match day of that season, Dortmund were top of the league table, though they later lost the Bundesliga title on goal difference to Bayern Munich after a 2–2 home draw against Mainz.[54]

After selling star player Jude Bellingham to Real Madrid for €103 million,[55] Dortmund had a disappointing Bundesliga campaign in the 2023–24 season, finishing fifth, but experienced more success in the UEFA Champions League, knocking out PSV Eindhoven, Atlético Madrid and PSG in the knockout stages to reach the final for the first time in eleven years, where they lost 2–0 to Real Madrid.

Shortly before the end of the season, BVB management announced that the military weapons manufacturer Rheinmetall would be the future sponsor. The partnership includes the use of high-reach advertising space, marketing rights as well as event and hospitality offers in the stadium and on the club premises and a payment of one million euro per year until 2027 by Rheinmetall. The sponsorship has been heavily criticised by BVB fans.[56]

Crest

  • 1945–1964
    1945–1964
  • 1964–1974
    1964–1974
  • 1974–1976 and 1978–1993
    1974–1976 and 1978–1993
  • 1976–1978
    1976–1978
  • 1993–present
    1993–present
  • 2012–present
    2012–present

Grounds

Main articles: Westfalenstadion and Stadion Rote Erde
Signal Iduna Park is the biggest stadium in Germany.
The Borusseum, a museum about Borussia Dortmund

Stadiums

The Westfalenstadion is the home stadium of Borussia Dortmund, Germany's largest stadium and the seventh-largest in Europe.[57] The stadium was named "Signal Iduna Park" after insurance company Signal Iduna purchased the rights to name the stadium until 2021.[58] This name, however, could not be used when hosting FIFA and UEFA events, since these governing bodies have policies forbidding corporate sponsorship from companies that are not official tournament partners. During the 2006 World Cup, the stadium was referred to as "FIFA World Cup Stadium, Dortmund", while in UEFA club matches, it is known as "BVB Stadion Dortmund". The stadium currently[when?] hosts up to 81,359 spectators (standing and seated) for league matches and 65,829 seated spectators for international matches.[contradictory][59][60] For these, the characteristic southern grandstand is re-equipped with seats to conform to FIFA regulations.

In 1974, the Westfalenstadion replaced the Stadion Rote Erde, which is located next door and serves now as the stadium of Borussia Dortmund II.[61][62] After the increasing popularity of Borussia Dortmund in the 1960s, it became obvious that the traditional ground was too small for the increasing number of Borussia Dortmund supporters. The city of Dortmund, however, was not able to finance a new stadium and federal institutions were unwilling to help. But in 1971, Dortmund was selected to replace the city of Cologne, which was forced to withdraw its plans to host games in the 1974 World Cup. The funds originally set aside for the projected stadium in Cologne were thus re-allocated to Dortmund, and a new stadium became reality.

The Westfalenstadion has undergone several renovations throughout the years to increase the size of the stadium, including an expansion of the stadium for the 2006 World Cup. In 2008, the Borusseum, a museum about Borussia Dortmund, opened in the stadium.[63] In 2011, Borussia Dortmund agreed to a partnership with Q-Cells. The company installed 8,768 solar cells on the roof of the Westfalenstadion to generate up to 860,000 kWh per year.[64]

Borussia Dortmund has the highest average attendance of any football club worldwide.[65] In 2014, it was estimated that each of the club's home games was attended by around 1,000 British spectators, drawn to the team by its low ticket prices compared to the Premier League.[66]

Training ground

Borussia Dortmund's training ground and academy base Hohenbuschei is located in Brackel, a district of Dortmund.[67] Inside the complex, there are physical fitness and rehabilitation robotics areas, physiotherapy and massage rooms, and remedial and hydrotherapy pools. The facility also includes sauna rooms, steam rooms and weight rooms, classrooms, conference halls, offices for the BVB front office, a restaurant, and a TV studio to interview the BVB professional footballers and coaching staff for BVB total!, the channel owned by the club.[68] On the grounds, there are five grass pitches, two of which have under-soil heating, one artificial grass field, three small grass pitches and a multi-functional sports arena.[69] The site covers a total area of 18,000 m2 (190,000 sq ft).[67] In addition, the club owns a Footbonaut, a training robot, which is effectively a 14 m2 (150 sq ft) training cage.[70][71]

The training complex and youth performance centre, located in Hohenbuschei, will be expanded in stages until 2021.[vague] In addition, the Sports Business Office will be entirely rebuilt from scratch. The planned construction, which will cost up to 20 million euros, will make BVB the best-equipped football club in the country with regards to infrastructure.[72]

In the Strobelallee Training Centre, the BVB Evonik Football Academy has an outstanding[tone] training venue exclusively at its disposal. Among others, the Bundesliga-team used to prepare for their matches on the club's former training ground.[73]

Organisation and finance

The Borussia Dortmund team bus provided by sponsor MAN

Borussia Dortmund e.V. is represented by its management board and a board of directors consisting of president Dr. Reinhard Rauball, his proxy and vice-president Gerd Pieper, and treasurer Dr. Reinhold Lunow.[74]

Professional football at Dortmund is run by the organisation Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA. This corporation model has two types of participators: at least one partner with unlimited liability and at least one partner with limited liability. The investment of the latter is divided into stocks. The organisation Borussia Dortmund GmbH is the partner with unlimited liability and is responsible for the management and representation of Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA. Borussia Dortmund GmbH is fully owned by the sports club, Borussia Dortmund e.V. This organizational structure was designed to ensure that the sports club has full control over the professional squad.[75]

The stock of Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA was floated on the stock market in October 2000 and is listed in the General Standard of Deutsche Börse AG. Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA became the first and, so far, the only publicly traded sports club on the German stock market. 4.61% of Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA is owned by the sports club, Borussia Dortmund e.V.; 8.24% by Bernd Geske; and 67.24% widely spread shareholdings.[76] Hans-Joachim Watzke is the CEO and Thomas Treß is the CFO of the GmbH & Co. KGaA. Michael Zorc as sporting director is responsible for the first team, the coaching staff, the youth and junior section, and scouting.[77] The supervisory board consists, among others, of politicians Werner Müller and Peer Steinbrück.[78]

According to the 2015 Deloitte's annual Football Money League, BVB generated revenues of €262 million during the 2013–14 season. This figure excludes player transfer fees, VAT and other sales-related taxes.[79]

The shareholder structure of Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA[76]

  Free float (67.24%)
  Bernd Geske (8.24%)
  Evonik Industries AG (8.19%)
  SIGNAL IDUNA (5.98%)
  PUMA SE (5.32%)
  Ralph Dommermuth Beteiligungen GmbH (5.03%)
  BVB 09 e.V. Dortmund (4.61%)

Current management and board

As of 1 January 2023[77][78]
Chairman Aki Watzke
Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA
Member Position
Hans-Joachim Watzke Chairman of the management
managing director for sport, communications and human resources
Carsten Cramer Managing director for sales, marketing and digitalization
Thomas Treß Managing director for organisation, finance and facilities
Sebastian Kehl Segment director for sport
Sascha Fligge Segment director for communications
Corinna Timmermann Segment director for human resources
Dr. Christian Hockenjos Segment director for organisation
Mark Stahlschmidt Segment director for finance and facilities
Supervisory board
Member Note
Christian Kullmann Chairman of the supervisory board
Chairman of the executive board of Evonik Industries, Essen
Ulrich Leitermann Vice chairman and chairman of the managing boards of group parent companies of the Signal Iduna Group
Judith Dommermuth Managing partner of JUVIA Verwaltungs GmbH, Cologne
Bernd Geske Managing partner of Bernd Geske Lean Communication, Meerbusch
Major shareholder of Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA[76]
Bodo Löttgen Member in the state parliament (Landtag) of North Rhine-Westphalia
Dr. Reinhold Lunow Internist, medical director and partner of Internistische Naturheilkundliche Gemeinschaftspraxis, Bornheim
treasurer of Ballspielverein Borussia 09 e. V. Dortmund since 20 November 2005
Dr. Bernhard Pellens Professor of International Corporate Accounting at Ruhr University Bochum
Academic Director of the Institute of Management (ifu) at Ruhr University Bochum
Honorary Professor at Tongji University in Shanghai, China
Silke Seidel Chief executive officer of Dortmunder Stadtwerke Aktiengesellschaft
Managing Director of Hohenbuschei Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH, Westfalentor 1 GmbH and Dortmund Logistik GmbH

Kits and sponsorship

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Borussia Dortmund kits.

Dortmund's main advertising partner and current[when?] shirt sponsor is Evonik.[80] Since the 2012–13 season, the main equipment supplier has been Puma.[81] The contract is currently[when?] valid. The club announced a deal with Opel to be the first-ever sleeve sponsor from the 2017–18 season.[82]

In addition, there are three different levels of partners: BVBChampionPartner includes, among others,[vague] Opel, bwin, Brinkhoff's, Wilo, Hankook and EA Sports; BVBPartner includes, among others, MAN, Eurowings, Coca-Cola, Ruhr Nachrichten, REWE and Aral; and BVBProduktPartner includes, among others, ofo, Westfalenhallen and TEDi.[83]

Since 2012, Brixental in the Kitzbühel Alps in Austria is a BVB sponsor as well; furthermore, the region is host of one of the annual summer training camps.[84]

Sponsors

^ 1: As a result of restructuring, the RAG business areas of chemicals, energy and real estate were transferred to a new business entity, but the company name was still unknown at that time. Placeholder in 2005–2006 was an artwork of an exclamation mark of the painter Otmar Alt.[94]

Controversy

Shortly before the end of the 2023–24 season, BVB management announced that the military weapons manufacturer Rheinmetall would be joining as a sponsor.[95] The BVB fan council criticized the decision and was not previously informed by BVB GmbH. Borussia Dortmund's fan department published a statement denying media reports that there was a democratic agreement or even a vote by the fans in connection with the Rheinmetall deal.[96]

Thomas Kessen, spokesman for the Unser Kurve fan alliance, clearly criticized the deal. "Here you have to say, it's basically the same mechanism as in Qatar. It's sportswashing," said Kessen. "Rheinmetall is happy to be able to paint a little black and yellow on blood-soaked names. And Aki Watzke is happy about several million in income. It can't be beaten in terms of shabbiness."[96]

Federal minister Robert Habeck (A90/Greens) justified a football club's deal with Rheinmetall and said that we live in a dangerous world and that the "understandable reluctance" in public dealings with the arms industry is no longer tenable and correct.[96]

Charity

Borussia Dortmund has raised money for charity for various causes. On 17 May 2011, Borussia Dortmund held a charity game for the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami against "Team Japan". Ticket sales from the game and €1 million from Dortmund's main sponsor Evonik went to charity for Japan earthquake and tsunami victims.[97] In November 2012, Borussia Dortmund KGaA founded a charitable trust called leuchte auf, to give important social projects financial help.[98] The trust's logo is a star consisting of the streets which meet at Dortmund's Borsigplatz, where the club was founded. On 6 July 2013, Borussia Dortmund held a charity game to raise money for 2013 German flood victims in the German states of Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.[99]

In March 2020, Borussia Dortmund, Bayern Munich, RB Leipzig, and Bayer Leverkusen, the four German UEFA Champions League teams for the 2019–20 season, collectively gave €20 million to Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga teams that were struggling financially during the COVID-19 pandemic.[citation needed]

Since 1996, during Advent, Borussia Dortmund players visit the children's hospital in Dortmund where the players meet with the patients and give them gifts.[100]

Players

See also: List of Borussia Dortmund players

Current squad

As of 30 August 2024[101]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Switzerland SUI Gregor Kobel
2 DF Brazil BRA Yan Couto (on loan from Manchester City)
3 DF Germany GER Waldemar Anton
4 DF Germany GER Nico Schlotterbeck (3rd captain)[102]
5 DF Algeria ALG Ramy Bensebaini
7 MF United States USA Giovanni Reyna
8 MF Germany GER Felix Nmecha
9 FW Guinea GUI Serhou Guirassy
10 MF Germany GER Julian Brandt (vice-captain)[102]
13 MF Germany GER Pascal Groß
14 FW Germany GER Maximilian Beier
16 FW Belgium BEL Julien Duranville
No. Pos. Nation Player
20 MF Austria AUT Marcel Sabitzer
21 FW Netherlands NED Donyell Malen
23 MF Germany GER Emre Can (captain)[102]
25 DF Germany GER Niklas Süle
26 DF Norway NOR Julian Ryerson
27 FW Germany GER Karim Adeyemi
31 GK Germany GER Silas Ostrzinski
33 GK Germany GER Alexander Meyer
35 GK Poland POL Marcel Lotka
37 FW United States USA Cole Campbell
38 MF Germany GER Kjell Wätjen
43 FW England ENG Jamie Gittens

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— DF Spain ESP Guille Bueno (at Darmstadt 98 until 30 June 2025)
— DF France FRA Soumaila Coulibaly (at Brest until 30 June 2025)
— MF Turkey TUR Salih Özcan (at VfL Wolfsburg until 30 June 2025)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— FW Ivory Coast CIV Sébastien Haller (at Leganés until 30 June 2025)
— FW Germany GER Youssoufa Moukoko (at Nice until 30 June 2025)

Reserves and Youth Sector

Further information: Borussia Dortmund II and Borussia Dortmund Youth Sector

Club captains

Since 1963, 19 players have held the position of club captain for Borussia Dortmund.[103][104] The first club captain after the introduction of the Bundesliga was Alfred Schmidt, who was captain from 1963 to 1965.[103] The longest-serving captain Michael Zorc, who was club captain from 1988 to 1998, has the distinction of[tone] having won the most trophies as captain; he won two Bundesliga titles, one DFB-Pokal, three DFL-Supercups and one UEFA Champions League.[103] The current club captain is Emre Can, who took over after Marco Reus stepped down from his role as the club's captain for the 2023–24 season.[105][106]

Emre Can, the current club captain
Dates[103] Name Notes
1963–1965 Germany Alfred Schmidt First club captain in the Bundesliga era
1965–1968 Germany Wolfgang Paul
1968–1971 Germany Sigfried Held
1971–1974 Germany Dieter Kurrat
1974–1977 Germany Klaus Ackermann
1977–1979 Germany Lothar Huber
1979–1983 Germany Manfred Burgsmüller
1983–1985 Germany Rolf Rüssmann
1985–1987 Germany Dirk Hupe
1987–1988 Germany Frank Mill
1988–1998 Germany Michael Zorc Longest-serving captain in Borussia Dortmund's history
1998–2003 Germany Stefan Reuter
2003–2004 Germany Christoph Metzelder
2004–2008 Germany Christian Wörns
2008–2014 Germany Sebastian Kehl
2014–2016 Germany Mats Hummels
2016–2018 Germany Marcel Schmelzer
2018–2023 Germany Marco Reus [105]
2023– Germany Emre Can [106]

Non-playing staff

Head coach Nuri Şahin
Director of football Sebastian Kehl
As of 1 July 2024
Name Position Source
Coaching staff
Turkey Nuri Şahin Head coach [107]
Portugal João Tralhão Assistant coach [107]
Turkey Ertuğrul Arslan [107]
Poland Łukasz Piszczek [107]
Germany Matthias Kleinsteiber Goalkeeping coach [107]
Athletic department
United States Shad Forsythe Head of department [107]
Germany Mathias Kolodziej Athletic coach [107]
Brazil Marcelo Martins [107]
Germany Dennis Morschel [107]
Germany Florian Wangler [107]
Medical department
Germany Dr. Markus Braun First team doctor [108]
Germany Thorben Voeste Rehabilitation coach [107]
Germany Olaf Wehmer [107]
Germany Dr. Philipp Laux Sport psychologist [107]
Scouting & recruitment
Germany Kai-Norman Schulz Coordinator sports technology [109]
Germany Serdar Ayar Video analyst [110]
France Laurent Busser Chief scout [111]
Germany Benjamin Frank Scout [112]
Germany Sebastian Frank [112]
Germany Jan Heidermann [112]
Poland Artur Płatek [113]
Germany Waldemar Wrobel [114]
Organisation & management
Germany Sebastian Kehl Director of football [115]
Germany Ingo Preuß Head of reserve-team football [116]
Germany Wolfgang Springer Head of youth department [117]
Germany Lars Ricken Youth coordinator [118]
Germany Matthias Sammer External advisor [119]
Singapore Suresh Letchmanan Head of BVB Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. [120]
Germany Benjamin Wahl Head of BVB China [121]
Germany Patrick Owomoyela International ambassador [122]
Germany Karl-Heinz Riedle [123]
Germany Roman Weidenfeller [124]
Germany Norbert Dickel Stadium announcer [125]
Germany Teddy de Beer Fan relations manager [126]
Germany Sigfried Held [127]
Germany Frank Gräfen Kit manager [107]

Head coaches

Main article: List of Borussia Dortmund records and statistics § Head coaches

In July 1935, Fritz Thelen became the club's first full-time head coach, but was not available in the first months of the season, forcing Dortmund player and Germany international Ernst Kuzorra to take over instead.[128][129] In 1966, Willi Multhaup led his side to the European Cup Winners' Cup, the first German team to win a European trophy. Horst Köppel was the coach to bring major silverware to the club for the first time in over 20 years, winning the DFB-Pokal in 1989.

Ottmar Hitzfeld is the club's most successful coach, having won both the Bundesliga and Supercup twice. In 1997, Dortmund had waited for continental success for over 30 years; Hitzfeld crowned his period with an unexpected triumph and won the Champions League. Dortmund won the Intercontinental Cup in 1997 and head coach Nevio Scala became the first and, so far, only non-native speaker to win a major title. In 2001–02, Matthias Sammer, a former BVB player, brought the league title back to Dortmund. In 2008–09, the club approached Mainz 05 head coach Jürgen Klopp. He won the club's seventh championship title in 2010–11. In his fourth season, Dortmund won the Bundesliga and the DFB-Pokal to complete the first league and cup double in the club's history.[130] Successor Thomas Tuchel won the 2016–17 DFB-Pokal.[citation needed]

On 22 May 2018, Lucien Favre was confirmed as the new head coach of the club for the 2018–19 season.[131] He won the 2019 DFL-Supercup on 3 August 2019.[citation needed]

On 12 December 2020, Dortmund suffered a 5–1 defeat against VfB Stuttgart. Favre was fired the next day.[132]

No. Nationality Head coach From Until Honours won
1 Germany Ernst Kuzorra (interim) July 1935 Aug 1935
2 Germany Fritz Thelen Sept 1935 June 1936
3 Germany Ferdinand Swatosch July 1936 May 1939
4 Germany Willi Sevcik June 1939 unknown
5 Germany Fritz Thelen 10 January 1946 31 July 1946
6 Germany Ferdinand Fabra 1 August 1946 31 July 1948 1 Oberliga West
7 Austria Eduard Havlicek 1 August 1948 31 July 1950 2 Oberliga West
8 Germany Hans-Josef Kretschmann 1 August 1950 31 July 1951
9 Germany Hans Schmidt 1 August 1951 31 July 1955 1 Oberliga West
10 Germany Helmut Schneider 1 August 1955 31 July 1957 2 Oberliga West, 2 Championships
11 Germany Hans Tauchert 1 August 1957 24 June 1958
12 Austria Max Merkel 14 July 1958 31 July 1961
13 Germany Hermann Eppenhoff 1 August 1961 30 June 1965 1 Championship, 1 Cup
14 Germany Willi Multhaup 1 July 1965 30 June 1966 1 European Cup Winners' Cup
15 Germany Heinz Murach 1 July 1966 10 April 1968
16 Germany Oswald Pfau 18 April 1968 16 December 1968
17 Germany Helmut Schneider 17 December 1968 17 March 1969
18 Germany Hermann Lindemann 21 March 1969 30 June 1970
19 Germany Horst Witzler 1 July 1970 21 December 1971
20 Germany Herbert Burdenski 3 January 1972 30 June 1972
21 Germany Detlev Brüggemann 1 July 1972 31 October 1972
22 Germany Max Michallek 1 November 1972 1 March 1973
23 Germany Dieter Kurrat 1 March 1973 30 June 1973
24 Hungary János Bédl 1 July 1973 14 February 1974
25 Germany Dieter Kurrat 14 February 1974 30 June 1974
26 Germany Otto Knefler 1 July 1974 1 February 1976
27 Germany Horst Buhtz 1 February 1976 30 June 1976
28 Germany Otto Rehhagel 1 July 1976 30 April 1978
29 Germany Carl-Heinz Rühl 1 July 1978 29 April 1979
30 Germany Uli Maslo 30 April 1979 30 June 1979
31 Germany Udo Lattek 1 July 1979 10 May 1981
32 Germany Rolf Bock (interim) 11 May 1981 30 June 1981
33 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Branko Zebec 1 July 1981 30 June 1982
34 Germany Karl-Heinz Feldkamp 1 July 1982 5 April 1983
35 Germany Helmut Witte (interim) 6 April 1983 30 June 1983
36 Germany Uli Maslo 1 July 1983 23 October 1983
37 Germany Helmut Witte (interim) 23 October 1983 31 October 1983
38 Germany Heinz-Dieter Tippenhauer 31 October 1983 15 November 1983
39 Germany Horst Franz 16 November 1983 30 June 1984
40 Germany Timo Konietzka 1 July 1984 24 October 1984
41 Germany Reinhard Saftig (interim) 25 October 1984 27 October 1984
42 Germany Erich Ribbeck 28 October 1984 30 June 1985
43 Hungary Pál Csernai 1 July 1985 20 April 1986
44 Germany Reinhard Saftig 21 April 1986 30 June 1988
45 Germany Horst Köppel 1 July 1988 30 June 1991 1 Cup, 1 Supercup
46 Germany Ottmar Hitzfeld 1 July 1991 30 June 1997 2 Championships, 2 Supercups, 1 Champions League
47 Italy Nevio Scala 1 July 1997 30 June 1998 1 Intercontinental Cup
48 Germany Michael Skibbe 1 July 1998 4 February 2000
49 Austria Bernd Krauss 6 February 2000 13 April 2000
50 Germany Udo Lattek (interim) 14 April 2000 30 June 2000
51 Germany Matthias Sammer 1 July 2000 30 June 2004 1 Championship
52 Netherlands Bert van Marwijk 1 July 2004 18 December 2006
53 Germany Jürgen Röber 19 December 2006 12 March 2007
54 Germany Thomas Doll 13 March 2007 19 May 2008
55 Germany Jürgen Klopp 1 July 2008 30 June 2015 2 Championships, 1 Cup, 2 Supercups
56 Germany Thomas Tuchel 1 July 2015 30 May 2017 1 Cup
57 Netherlands Peter Bosz 1 July 2017 10 December 2017
58 Austria Peter Stöger 10 December 2017 30 June 2018
59 Switzerland Lucien Favre 1 July 2018 13 December 2020 1 Supercup
60 Germany Edin Terzić (interim) 13 December 2020 30 June 2021 1 Cup
61 Germany Marco Rose 1 July 2021 20 May 2022
62 Germany Edin Terzić 23 May 2022 13 June 2024
63 Turkey Nuri Şahin 14 June 2024

Records

Main article: List of Borussia Dortmund records and statistics
Michael Zorc has the most appearances for the club.

Borussia Dortmund's name is attached to a number of Bundesliga and European records:

Honours

Type Competition Titles Seasons
Domestic German Champions/Bundesliga 8

1956, 1957, 1963, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2001–02, 2010–11, 2011–12

DFB-Pokal 5

1964–65, 1988–89, 2011–12, 2016–17, 2020–21

DFB/DFL-Supercup 6

1989, 1995, 1996, 2013, 2014, 2019

Continental UEFA Champions League 1 1996–97
European Cup Winners' Cup 1

1965–66

Worldwide Intercontinental Cup 1 1997

Regional

UEFA club coefficient ranking

As of 13 July 2024[141]
Rank Nation Team Points
5 Italy Roma 90.000
6 France Paris Saint-Germain 85.000
7 Spain Villarreal 82.000
8 Germany Borussia Dortmund 79.000
England Chelsea
10 Italy Inter Milan 76.000
11 Germany Bayer Leverkusen 72.000

Affiliated clubs

The following clubs are currently affiliated with Borussia Dortmund:

See also

References

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