Dáil constituency (1937–2016)
Kerry North was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann , the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (the Irish parliament), from 1937 to 2011. The method of election was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
History and boundaries [ edit ]
The constituency was located in the northern half of County Kerry , located between the River Shannon estuary and the Slieve Mish Mountains ; and included Tralee , Listowel , Tarbert , Ballybunion and Castleisland .[ 1] Until 1961 it also included the Dingle Peninsula , which was then transferred to Kerry South .[ 2] It was established by the Electoral (Revision of Constituencies) Act 1935 when the former Kerry constituency was divided into Kerry North and Kerry South .[ 3] It was first used at the 1937 general election to the 9th Dáil .
The constituency elected 4 deputies (Teachtaí Dála , commonly known as TDs) from 1937 to 1961 and 3 deputies from 1961 to 2011.
From 2007 to 2011, it had been defined as:[ 1]
"In the county of Kerry the electoral divisions of:
Deelis, in the former Rural District of Dingle ;
Kilfelim, in the former Rural District of Killarney ;
Ardagh, Astee, Ballincloher, Ballyconry, Ballyduff, Ballyegan, Ballyhorgan, Beal, Carrig, Causeway, Cloontubbrid, Drommartin, Duagh, Ennismore, Gullane, Gunsborough, Kilfeighny, Killehenny, Killury, Kilmeany, Kilshenane, Kiltomy, Leitrim, Lislaughtin, Lisselton, Listowel Rural, Lixnaw, Moynsha, Newtownsandes, Rathea, Shronowen, Tarbert, Tarmon, Trienearagh, Urlee, in the former Rural District of Listowel ;
Abbeydorney, Arabela, Ardfert, Ballyegan, Ballyheige, Ballynahaglish, Ballynorig, Ballyseedy, Banna, Baurtregaum, Blennerville, Brosna, Castleisland, Clogherbrien, Cordal, Crinny, Doon, Gneeves, Kerryhead, Kilflyn, Kilgobban, Killahan, Kilmurry, Knockglass, Knocknagashel, Lackabaun, Mount Eagle, Nohaval, O'Brennan, Ratass, Tralee Rural, Tubrid, in the former Rural District of Tralee ;
and the towns of Listowel and Tralee."
In 2007, the Constituency Commission proposed that at the next general election the constituency of Kerry North be replaced with Kerry North–West Limerick , with the transfer of certain electoral divisions from Limerick West and other electoral divisions to Kerry South .[ 4] It was established by the Electoral (Amendment) Act 2009 , and was used at the 2011 general election .[ 5] [ 6]
The constituency of Kerry North–West Limerick comprised the northern half of County Kerry , located between the River Shannon estuary and the Slieve Mish Mountains ; taking in Tralee , Listowel , Tarbert , Ballybunion and Castleisland ; and the western part of County Limerick taking in the town of Abbeyfeale ; and the villages of Athea , Glin , Mountcollins , Templeglantine and Tournafulla . It was only used at the 2011 general election .
At the 2016 general election , Kerry North–West Limerick and Kerry South were superseded by the constituencies of Kerry and Limerick County .
Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.
2007 general election [ edit ]
2007 general election : Kerry North[ 30]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
Fine Gael
Jimmy Deenihan
32.3
12,697
Sinn Féin
Martin Ferris
20.4
8,030
8,631
9,284
10,196
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim
18.7
7,367
7,702
8,040
11,247
Fianna Fáil
Norma Foley
12.5
4,937
5,257
5,535
Labour
Terry O'Brien
10.9
4,287
5,589
6,332
7,282
Green
David Grey
1.9
747
893
Independent
Anthony Dineen
1.7
689
803
Independent
Sam Locke
1.0
397
417
Independent
Tom Donovan
0.3
111
134
Independent
Michael O'Connor
0.1
51
58
Electorate: 56,216 Valid: 39,313 Spoilt: 334 (0.8%) Quota: 9,829 Turnout: 39,647 (70.5%)
2002 general election [ edit ]
2002 general election : Kerry North[ 29]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
Sinn Féin
Martin Ferris
24.1
9,496
10,016
Labour
Dick Spring
22.4
8,773
9,166
9,353
Fine Gael
Jimmy Deenihan
22.1
8,652
9,538
9,842
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim
20.2
7,884
10,285
Fianna Fáil
Dan Kiely
10.0
3,927
Ind. Health Alliance
James Kennedy
0.6
233
Independent
Anthony O'Connor
0.5
208
Electorate: 55,476 Valid: 39,173 Spoilt: 351 (0.9%) Quota: 9,794 Turnout: 39,524 (71.3%)
1997 general election [ edit ]
1997 general election : Kerry North[ 28] [ 31]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
Labour
Dick Spring
29.9
10,699
Fine Gael
Jimmy Deenihan
24.3
8,689
9,711
Sinn Féin
Martin Ferris
15.9
5,691
6,003
6,261
7,294
Fianna Fáil
Denis Foley
15.0
5,376
5,607
5,882
9,719
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Jnr
11.3
4,036
4,173
4,277
National Party
Ciarán O'Connell
3.6
1,288
1,340
1,469
Electorate: 51,348 Valid: 35,779 Spoilt: 284 (0.8%) Quota: 8,945 Turnout: 36,063 (70.2%)
1992 general election [ edit ]
1992 general election : Kerry North[ 27] [ 32]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
Labour
Dick Spring
33.9
11,515
Fine Gael
Jimmy Deenihan
23.9
8,120
9,665
Fianna Fáil
Denis Foley
14.7
4,974
5,699
6,210
6,469
6,964
8,698
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Jnr
13.6
4,619
4,932
5,108
5,270
5,565
6,473
Fianna Fáil
Ned O'Sullivan
8.2
2,781
2,921
3,081
3,174
3,377
Independent
Michael Reidy
3.3
1,122
1,278
1,451
1,606
Sinn Féin
Billy Leen
2.4
802
954
1,031
Electorate: 48,797 Valid: 33,933 Spoilt: 400 (1.2%) Quota: 8,484 Turnout: 34,333 (70.4%)
1989 general election [ edit ]
1989 general election : Kerry North[ 26] [ 33]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
Labour
Dick Spring
29.7
10,118
Fine Gael
Jimmy Deenihan
25.5
8,692
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Jnr
19.8
6,756
7,228
8,402
Fianna Fáil
Denis Foley
17.3
5,880
6,769
8,047
Fianna Fáil
Ned O'Sullivan
7.8
2,641
2,876
Electorate: 46,715 Valid: 34,087 Quota: 8,522 Turnout: 72.9%
1987 general election [ edit ]
1987 general election : Kerry North[ 25] [ 34] [ 35]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
Fine Gael
Jimmy Deenihan
29.0
10,087
Fianna Fáil
Denis Foley
21.9
7,611
7,778
7,888
8,118
9,619
Labour
Dick Spring
19.4
6,739
7,555
7,635
7,824
8,311
8,383
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Jnr
17.7
6,161
6,293
6,344
6,449
7,523
8,378
Fianna Fáil
Dan Kiely
8.5
2,939
3,119
3,127
3,370
Sinn Féin
Declan Finucane
1.9
668
752
1,061
Sinn Féin
William Leen
1.6
559
576
Electorate: 45,602 Valid: 34,764 Quota: 8,692 Turnout: 76.2%
November 1982 general election [ edit ]
November 1982 general election : Kerry North[ 24] [ 36] [ 37]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
Labour
Dick Spring
28.9
9,724
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Jnr
21.2
7,125
7,142
7,375
9,655
Fine Gael
Jimmy Deenihan
17.3
5,817
6,614
7,291
8,055
8,159
Fianna Fáil
Dan Kiely
15.1
5,081
5,087
5,227
Fianna Fáil
Denis Foley
14.9
5,025
5,054
5,318
7,162
8,303
Fine Gael
Bernie Gannon
2.6
866
Electorate: 42,982 Valid: 33,638 Quota: 8,410 Turnout: 78.3%
February 1982 general election [ edit ]
February 1982 general election : Kerry North[ 23] [ 38]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
Labour
Dick Spring
25.8
8,552
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Jnr
20.4
6,754
7,076
9,585
Fianna Fáil
Denis Foley
17.1
5,646
6,098
7,950
9,123
Fine Gael
Robert Pierse
17.1
5,643
5,836
6,513
6,647
Fianna Fáil
Dan Kiely
16.0
5,297
5,416
Independent
Denis Foley
3.7
1,218
Electorate: 42,856 Valid: 33,110 Spoilt: 240 (0.7%) Quota: 8,278 Turnout: 33,350 (77.8%)
1981 general election [ edit ]
1981 general election : Kerry North[ 22] [ 39]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Jnr
24.0
8,214
8,302
8,991
Labour
Dick Spring
16.6
5,685
6,055
6,973
7,509
7,763
8,163
Fianna Fáil
Denis Foley
14.9
5,104
5,199
6,096
9,276
Fine Gael
Gerard Lynch
14.7
5,037
6,581
7,042
7,616
7,715
8,019
Fianna Fáil
Kit Ahern
12.1
4,158
4,218
4,642
Anti H-Block
Seán McKenna
11.3
3,860
3,917
Fine Gael
Fionán Harty
6.5
2,227
Electorate: 42,856 Valid: 34,285 Quota: 8,572 Turnout: 80.0%
1977 general election [ edit ]
1977 general election : Kerry North[ 21] [ 40] [ 41]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Jnr
21.0
6,964
7,073
9,269
Fianna Fáil
Kit Ahern
20.3
6,737
6,778
8,885
Fine Gael
Gerard Lynch
18.7
6,202
7,382
7,651
7,773
7,927
Labour
Dan Spring
18.2
6,046
6,452
7,206
7,803
8,234
Fianna Fáil
Denis Foley
16.1
5,329
5,482
Fine Gael
John Blennerhassett
5.8
1,920
Electorate: 43,185 Valid: 33,198 Quota: 8,300 Turnout: 76.9%
1973 general election [ edit ]
1973 general election : Kerry North[ 20] [ 40]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Jnr
26.0
7,263
Labour
Dan Spring
21.0
5,856
6,194
6,236
6,562
7,284
Fianna Fáil
Kit Ahern
20.7
5,786
5,889
6,108
6,454
6,539
6,578
Fine Gael
Gerard Lynch
16.5
4,592
4,655
4,665
5,591
6,823
7,092
Fine Gael
John Blennerhassett
6.9
1,938
2,021
2,032
2,165
Independent
John Larkin
6.4
1,773
1,817
1,822
Independent
Joseph Keohane
2.5
695
Electorate: 37,018 Valid: 27,903 Quota: 6,976 Turnout: 75.4%
1969 general election [ edit ]
1969 general election : Kerry North[ 19] [ 40]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Jnr
20.6
5,759
6,001
7,182
Fianna Fáil
Kit Ahern
18.6
5,217
5,620
6,256
6,357
6,380
Labour
Dan Spring
17.5
4,913
5,264
5,865
6,597
6,935
Fine Gael
Gerard Lynch
15.5
4,332
5,266
5,344
7,366
Fianna Fáil
Michael Scannell
9.8
2,745
2,814
Fine Gael
John Blennerhassett
9.4
2,628
2,932
3,162
Independent
Michael Finucane
8.7
2,425
Electorate: 35,846 Valid: 28,019 Quota: 7,005 Turnout: 78.2%
1965 general election [ edit ]
1965 general election : Kerry North[ 18] [ 40]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Snr
28.5
7,561
Labour
Dan Spring
25.1
6,645
Independent
Patrick Finucane
19.4
5,147
5,271
7,871
Fine Gael
Edmond Hayes
13.5
3,569
3,656
Fianna Fáil
Kit Ahern
13.5
3,563
4,291
4,539
Electorate: 34,839 Valid: 26,485 Quota: 6,622 Turnout: 76.0%
1961 general election [ edit ]
1961 general election : Kerry North[ 17] [ 40]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Snr
21.9
6,195
6,300
6,713
6,903
Independent
Patrick Finucane
20.6
5,827
6,208
6,694
7,564
Labour
Dan Spring
20.4
5,784
6,272
6,764
7,659
Fianna Fáil
Daniel Moloney
18.6
5,262
5,318
5,442
5,576
Fine Gael
Robert Gleasure
6.9
1,963
2,021
2,360
Independent
Charles Lenihan
6.3
1,777
1,988
Sinn Féin
Kevin Barry
5.2
1,483
Electorate: 35,956 Valid: 28,291 Quota: 7,073 Turnout: 78.7%
1957 general election [ edit ]
1957 general election : Kerry North[ 16] [ 40]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
Fianna Fáil
Daniel Moloney
20.2
6,976
Labour
Dan Spring
18.3
6,292
7,102
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Snr
18.1
6,231
6,589
6,890
Independent
Patrick Finucane
13.2
4,562
5,334
6,994
Independent
Charles Lenihan
10.8
3,736
4,484
5,655
Fine Gael
John Lynch
10.2
3,499
3,672
Sinn Féin
May Daly
9.2
3,171
Electorate: 45,349 Valid: 34,467 Quota: 6,894 Turnout: 76.0%
Following the death of Clann na Poblachta TD Johnny Connor , a by-election was held on 29 February 1956. The seat was won by the Clann na Poblachta candidate Kathleen O'Connor, daughter of the deceased TD.
1954 general election [ edit ]
1954 general election : Kerry North[ 14] [ 40]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Snr
17.7
6,378
8,116
Labour
Dan Spring
16.3
5,861
6,467
6,561
7,921
Clann na Talmhan
Patrick Finucane
14.8
5,326
5,548
5,590
7,336
Clann na Poblachta
Johnny Connor
13.9
5,003
5,175
5,208
6,741
7,421
Fine Gael
John Lynch
13.6
4,904
5,084
5,098
Fianna Fáil
Eamon Kissane
12.7
4,580
5,464
6,208
6,448
6,500
Fianna Fáil
Maurice Lawlor
10.8
3,890
Electorate: 46,390 Valid: 35,942 Quota: 7,189 Turnout: 77.5%
1951 general election [ edit ]
1951 general election : Kerry North[ 13] [ 40]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
Labour
Dan Spring
19.9
7,035
7,631
Fianna Fáil
Thomas McEllistrim, Snr
15.4
5,430
6,927
7,104
Fine Gael
John Lynch
15.3
5,397
5,544
5,620
7,492
Fianna Fáil
Eamon Kissane
13.8
4,868
5,661
5,762
6,063
6,106
Independent
Patrick Finucane
13.4
4,714
4,838
4,880
6,451
6,844
Clann na Poblachta
Johnny Connor
12.6
4,446
4,614
4,703
Fianna Fáil
Thomas O'Connor
9.6
3,389
Electorate: 46,519 Valid: 35,279 Quota: 7,056 Turnout: 75.84%
1948 general election [ edit ]
1948 general election : Kerry North[ 12] [ 40]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Fianna Fáil
Thomas McEllistrim, Snr
21.0
7,555
Fianna Fáil
Eamon Kissane
17.2
6,214
6,281
6,407
6,533
8,769
National Labour Party
Dan Spring
16.3
5,877
6,017
6,061
6,698
7,486
Clann na Talmhan
Patrick Finucane
12.7
4,569
4,914
4,930
5,604
6,088
6,295
6,414
Clann na Poblachta
Johnny Connor
12.2
4,390
5,294
5,314
5,814
6,121
6,232
6,365
Fianna Fáil
Thomas Gega O'Connor
10.5
3,792
3,822
3,949
4,072
Fine Gael
Jeremiah P. Nolan
5.8
2,108
2,168
2,176
Clann na Poblachta
Johnny Walsh
4.3
1,564
Electorate: 48,998 Valid: 36,069 Quota: 7,214 Turnout: 73.61%
1944 general election [ edit ]
1944 general election : Kerry North[ 11] [ 42]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
Clann na Talmhan
Patrick Finucane
25.8
8,784
National Labour Party
Dan Spring
24.7
8,429
Fianna Fáil
Eamon Kissane
20.7
7,047
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Snr
19.1
6,521
7,830
Fianna Fáil
Patrick McKenna
9.7
3,322
3,976
Electorate: 51,367 Valid: 34,103 Quota: 6,821 Turnout: 66.4%
1943 general election [ edit ]
1943 general election : Kerry North[ 10] [ 42]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Fianna Fáil
Eamon Kissane
17.2
6,551
6,907
8,897
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Snr
15.7
5,973
6,008
7,021
8,230
Clann na Talmhan
Patrick Finucane
13.6
5,174
5,329
5,458
5,474
5,505
6,729
6,957
Labour
Dan Spring
13.6
5,155
6,675
6,859
6,896
7,008
8,440
Clann na Talmhan
Edmund Horan
12.7
4,827
4,847
4,991
5,002
5,021
6,211
6,533
Fine Gael
John O'Sullivan
11.6
4,420
4,553
4,639
4,662
4,735
Fianna Fáil
Stephen Fuller
9.3
3,550
3,633
Labour
John Kelly
6.2
2,352
Electorate: 51,367 Valid: 38,002 Quota: 7,601 Turnout: 74.0%
1938 general election [ edit ]
1938 general election : Kerry North[ 9] [ 42]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Snr
24.0
8,478
Fianna Fáil
Stephen Fuller
21.8
7,684
Fianna Fáil
Eamon Kissane
21.1
7,457
Fine Gael
John O'Sullivan
15.4
5,432
5,893
6,032
8,568
Labour
William Cummins
9.3
3,273
4,028
4,345
4,701
Fine Gael
Michael O'Connell
8.4
2,976
3,177
3,344
Electorate: 48,150 Valid: 35,300 Quota: 7,061 Turnout: 73.3%
1937 general election [ edit ]
1937 general election : Kerry North[ 8] [ 42]
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
Fianna Fáil
Eamon Kissane
21.9
7,673
Fianna Fáil
Tom McEllistrim, Snr
17.7
6,213
6,499
7,583
Fianna Fáil
Stephen Fuller
17.2
6,019
6,314
8,592
Fine Gael
John O'Sullivan
14.9
5,204
5,211
5,821
5,957
6,090
Fine Gael
Thomas O'Connell
14.7
5,136
5,167
5,602
5,834
5,923
Labour
Patrick Casey
13.7
4,783
4,831
Electorate: 48,621 Valid: 35,028 Quota: 7,006 Turnout: 72.0%
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^ a b "General election 1938: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1943: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 30 January 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1944: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1948: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1951: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1954: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "By-election 1956: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 30 November 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1957: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1961: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1965: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1969: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1973: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1977: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1981: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election February 1982: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2010 .
^ a b "General election November 1982: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1987: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1989: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010 .
^ a b "General election 1992: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 27 August 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2009 .
^ a b "General election 1997: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 4 September 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2009 .
^ a b "General election 2002: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2009 .
^ a b "General election 2007: Kerry North" . ElectionsIreland.org . Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 22 February 2009 .
^ Government of Ireland (1998). 28th Dáil General Election June, 1997 Election Results and Transfer of Votes . Stationery Office, Government of Ireland.
^ Government of Ireland (1993). Dáil General Election November, 1992 Election Results and Transfer of Votes in the General Election for the Twenty-Seventh Dáil . Stationery Office, Government of Ireland.
^ "26th Dáil 1989 general election results" (PDF) . Houses of the Oireachtas . January 1990. Retrieved 25 November 2023 .
^ "Kerry North: 1987 general election" . IrelandElection.com . Retrieved 28 July 2023 .
^ "25th Dáil 1987 general election results" (PDF) . Houses of the Oireachtas . July 1987. Retrieved 21 October 2023 .
^ "Kerry North: 1982 (Nov) general election" . IrelandElection.com . Retrieved 28 July 2023 .
^ "24th Dáil November 1982 general election results" (PDF) . Houses of the Oireachtas . August 1983. Retrieved 15 October 2023 .
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^ a b c d e f g h i j Gallagher, Michael (2009). Irish Elections 1948–77: Results and Analysis Sources for the Study of Irish Politics 2 . Routledge. ISBN 9781138973343 .
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^ a b c d Gallagher, Michael (1993). Irish Elections 1922-44: Results and Analysis . PSAI Press. ISBN 0951974815 .