Ataxic respiration
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2010) |
| Ataxic respirations | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Biot's respiration; Biot's breathing |
 | |
| Graph showing ataxic respirations and other pathological breathing patterns. | |
| Specialty | Neurology; Pulmonology |
| Causes | Damage to Medulla Oblongata and Pons |
Ataxic respirations, also known as Biot's respirations or Biot's breathing, is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by variable tidal volume, random apneas, and no regularity.[1] It is named for Camille Biot, who characterized it in 1876.[2][3] Biot's respiration is caused by damage to the medulla oblongata and pons due to trauma, stroke, opioid use, and increased intracranial pressure due to uncal or tentorial herniation.[1][4] Often this condition is also associated with meningitis.[2] In common medical practice, Biot's respiration is often mistaken for Cheyne–Stokes respiration, part of which may have been caused by them both being described by the same person studying both.[1]
Biot's respirations were discovered by Dr. Camille Biot in the late 19th century as he wrote multiple papers analyzing subtle differences in Cheyne-Stokes respirations in patients admitted to Hôtel Dieu Hospital[5].
Etiology
[edit]Ataxic respirations are caused by damage to the medulla oblongata (respiratory center of the brainstem) due to strokes or trauma. It generally indicates a poor prognosis, and usually progresses to complete apnea[6].
Diagnosis and management
[edit]It is believed that advances in medical care may be masking the presence of ataxic respirations. This could be related to the fact that the treatment for ataxic respirations typically results in intubation immediately upon diagnosis, with mechanical ventilation to regulate patients' breathing.[5] Furthermore, patients will often be intubated and on mechanical ventilation prior to the onset of ataxic respirations[5].
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Stanifer, John. "A Peculiar Type of Dyspnea: Kussmaul, Cheyne-Stokes, and Biot Respirations" (PDF). Historia Medicinae. 3 (1).
- ^ a b (in French) Biot MC. Contribution a l'étude du phénomène respiratoire de Cheyne-Stokes. Lyon Med. 1876;23:517-528, 561-567.
- ^ Wijdicks EF (May 2007). "Biot's breathing". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 78 (5): 512–3. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.104919. PMC 2117832. PMID 17435185.
- ^ Alraiyes, Abdul Hamid; Thompson, Patrick ".; Thammasitboon, Supat (2011-05-01), "Biot's Respiration In A Chronic Opioid User: Improved With Adaptive-Servo Ventilation", C76. CONTROL OF VENTILATION AND RESPIRATORY MUSCLES, American Thoracic Society International Conference Abstracts, American Thoracic Society, pp. A5279, doi:10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5279, retrieved 2022-06-13
- ^ a b c Wijdicks EF (May 2007). "Biot's breathing". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 78: 512–3. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.104919. PMC 2117832. PMID 17435185.
- ^ Summ, Oliver; Hassanpour, Nahid; Mathys, Christian; Groß, Martin (2022-06-01). "Disordered breathing in severe cerebral illness – Towards a conceptual framework". Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. 300: 103869. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2022.103869. ISSN 1569-9048.
- Michael G. Levitzky; Jimmy M. Cairo; Stanley M. Hall (1990), Introduction to respiratory care, Saunders, ISBN 978-0-7216-1090-0