Tenna
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Tenna (天和) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Enpō and before Jōkyō. This period spanned the years from September 1681 through February 1684.[1] The reigning emperor was Reigen-tennō (霊元天皇).[2]
Change of era
[edit]- ''Tenna gannen (天和元年): The new era name of Tenna (meaning "Heavenly Imperial Peace") was created to mark the 58th year of a cycle of the Chinese zodiac. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Enpō 9, on the 29th day of the 9th month.
Events of the Tenna era
[edit]- 1681 (Tenna 1): In Edo, the investiture of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi as the fifth shōgun of the Edo bakufu.[3]
- February 5, 1681 (Tenna 1, 28th day of the 12th month): The Great Tenna Fire in Edo.[4]
- 1681 (Tenna 2): A famine afflicts Heian-kyō and the nearby areas.[4]
- March 3, 1683 (Tenna 3, 5th day of the 2nd month): Yaoya Oshichi was burned at the stake for arson.
- 1683 (Tenna 3): Tokugawa shogunate grants permission for Mitsui money exchanges (ryōgaeten) to be established in Edo.[5]
- 1683 (Tenna 4): The assassination of Hotta Masatoshi signals the end of government characterized by financial sobriety and stringency, and the beginning of a swing towards extravagance and the expansive spending policies of Tsunayoshi's chamberlains.[6]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Tenna" Japan Encyclopedia, p. 959, p. 959, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at archive.today.
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 414–415.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 414.
- ^ a b Titsingh, p. 415.
- ^ Hiroshi Shinjō. (1962). History of the Yen: 100 Years of Japanese Money-economy, p. 11.
- ^ Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice. (2006). The Dog Shogun: The Personality and Policies of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, p. 183.
References
[edit]- Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice. (2006). The Dog Shogun: The Personality and Policies of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824829780; ISBN 9780824830304; OCLC 470123491
- Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
- Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 978-0-203-09985-8; OCLC 65177072
- Shinjō, Hiroshi. (1962). History of the Yen: 100 Years of Japanese Money-economy. Kobe: Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kōbe University. OCLC 877519
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691.
External links
[edit]- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" – historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection